公共建筑火灾造成了大量人员伤亡和经济损失。在商场、博物馆等公共建筑中，人对建筑布局的熟悉程度受其在建筑中寻路次数与时间间隔的影响，并可能因此形成不同的火灾疏散行为。本研究运用VR场景，研究周期性重复探索如何影响人在室内寻路和逃生的表现，以及火灾疏散情景是否、如何与周期性重复探索交互作用于室内疏散行为表现。室内寻路实验在使用基于VR的沉浸式虚拟博物馆中进行。实验的参与者分为三组，分别参加一次，两次和三次实验。参与一次以上实验的参与者在两次实验的间隔为两周。每次实验都包括寻宝任务和离开任务。参与者最后一次参与实验时将遇到虚拟火灾紧急情况。本研究收集和分析参与者的寻路表现数据，以及他们的生理和情绪反应、方向感、寻路焦虑和模拟器晕眩。结果显示周期性重复探索对参与者寻路表现有显著的提高，使得完成寻宝任务所需的时间减少。结果还揭示了火灾紧急情况引起的精神压力对参与者寻路表现的负面影响，导致离开时间和离开距离增加。然而，压力的这种负面影响可以通过重复探索显著减少，显示出这两个因素之间显著的相互作用。
全文链接：https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1474034618304014
图1 虚拟博物馆布局示意图
图2 虚拟火焰示意图
Assessing the influence of repeated exposures and mental stress on human wayfinding performance in indoor environments using virtual reality technology
J. Lin., L. Cao, N. Li*
Advanced Engineering Informatics
Volume 39, January 2019, Pages 53-61
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to examine the effect of repeated exposures to indoor environments on people’s indoor wayfinding performance, both under normal condition and during fire emergency which could induce significant mental stress. Indoor wayfinding experiments were conducted in an immersive virtual museum developed using virtual reality technologies. Participants of the experiments were divided into three groups, who participated in one, two and three trials, respectively. Those who participated in more than one trial were given an interval of two weeks between two consecutive trials. Each trial of the experiment included a treasure hunting task and an egress task. Participants were presented with a virtual fire emergency during the egress task of their last trial. Data of wayfinding performance measures of the participants, as well as their physiological and emotional responses, sense of direction, wayfinding anxiety and simulator sickness were collected and analyzed. The results revealed significant positive impact of repeated exposure on participants’ wayfinding performance, which resulted in a decrease in the time needed to complete the treasure hunting task. The results also revealed significant negative impact of mental stressed caused by the fire emergency on participants’ wayfinding performance, which led to increased travel time and distance during egress. Such negative impact of stress, however, could be noticeably diminished by the repeated exposures, showing significant interaction effect between these two factors.
Keywords: Wayfinding; Indoor environment; Repeated exposure; Fire emergency; Virtual reality
